The Personal Data Protection Law (issued by Royal Decree M/19) came into full effect in September 2024 under the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA), covering any business processing personal data of individuals within the Kingdom (name, phone number, email, location, photo) regardless of business size, with no exemption for small businesses.
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Obtaining explicit consent from the data subject before processing, appointing a data protection officer in high-risk cases, conducting a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) before high-risk processing, and maintaining accurate records of every processing activity including data type, processing purpose, legal basis, and retention period.
Upon any breach, leak, or unlawful access to data, SDAIA must be notified within 72 hours maximum of learning of the incident, with affected data subjects notified if the incident is likely to cause them harm. Exceeding this deadline is a violation separate from the breach itself.
Violations can expose the business to a fine reaching SAR 5 million depending on the violation's severity and impact, with imprisonment in cases of disclosing sensitive data with intent to harm. The law also applies cross-border, meaning foreign bodies processing Saudi residents' data may be subject to its provisions.
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